t-Test
Group Statistics
|
2 categories
of Bridge |
N |
Mean |
Std. Deviation |
Std. Error Mean |
Informed |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
3.7133 |
.60995 |
.07043 |
NOT bridge |
83 |
3.4337 |
.75212 |
.08256 |
Activism |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
2.9036 |
.74848 |
.08643 |
NOT bridge |
83 |
2.1727 |
.70446 |
.07732 |
Organizations/Affiliations |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
3.5467 |
1.26857 |
.14648 |
NOT bridge |
83 |
1.4337 |
.68863 |
.07559 |
Belonging |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
3.4729 |
.62266 |
.07190 |
NOT bridge |
83 |
3.2169 |
.71223 |
.07818 |
Social Engagement |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
3.2867 |
.71440 |
.08249 |
NOT bridge |
83 |
3.0723 |
.81575 |
.08954 |
Commuity Attachment |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
3.8467 |
.83817 |
.09678 |
NOT bridge |
83 |
3.5060 |
.84642 |
.09291 |
Trust |
bridge- member
or leader |
74 |
3.8784 |
.64005 |
.07440 |
NOT bridge |
83 |
3.5542 |
.70283 |
.07715 |
Participation |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
3.2390 |
.60558 |
.06993 |
NOT bridge |
83 |
2.5177 |
.59176 |
.06495 |
Computer Interest |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
4.1644 |
1.42202 |
.16420 |
NOT bridge |
82 |
3.6626 |
1.72411 |
.19040 |
Political Interest |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
1.4600 |
.79168 |
.09142 |
NOT bridge |
83 |
1.2349 |
.43010 |
.04721 |
Social Interest |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
3.1439 |
.73446 |
.08481 |
NOT bridge |
83 |
2.9372 |
.79118 |
.08684 |
Civic Interest |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
2.8386 |
.69507 |
.08026 |
NOT bridge |
83 |
2.1936 |
.61421 |
.06742 |
Online Commerce |
bridge- member
or leader |
68 |
1.9853 |
.78688 |
.09542 |
NOT bridge |
61 |
2.0470 |
.88939 |
.11387 |
Online Education/Work |
bridge- member
or leader |
67 |
2.5000 |
1.30203 |
.15907 |
NOT bridge |
61 |
2.5123 |
1.16496 |
.14916 |
Online Leisure |
bridge- member
or leader |
68 |
2.1172 |
1.00088 |
.12137 |
NOT bridge |
61 |
2.1992 |
.69526 |
.08902 |
Online Mental, Physical, Social Health |
bridge- member
or leader |
68 |
2.0735 |
.96782 |
.11737 |
NOT bridge |
61 |
1.7623 |
.84709 |
.10846 |
Online General Internet Usage |
bridge- member
or leader |
68 |
3.1078 |
1.25377 |
.15204 |
NOT bridge |
61 |
3.2281 |
1.19081 |
.15247 |
Online Political Activity |
bridge- member
or leader |
68 |
1.4775 |
.63448 |
.07694 |
NOT bridge |
61 |
1.2732 |
.49910 |
.06390 |
Online Social Activity |
bridge- member
or leader |
68 |
2.8020 |
1.22703 |
.14880 |
NOT bridge |
61 |
2.4563 |
.96124 |
.12307 |
Online Civic Activity |
bridge- member
or leader |
68 |
2.6523 |
1.11853 |
.13564 |
NOT bridge |
61 |
2.3399 |
.95870 |
.12275 |
Social Introversion/Extroversion |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
3.4146 |
.52619 |
.06076 |
NOT bridge |
82 |
3.1834 |
.54556 |
.06025 |
Life-Changing Events (Sum) |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
4.3867 |
2.96326 |
.34217 |
NOT bridge |
82 |
3.9390 |
2.56928 |
.28373 |
Life-changing Events (Mean) |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
.1415 |
.09559 |
.01104 |
NOT bridge |
82 |
.1271 |
.08288 |
.00915 |
Social Support |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
4.0614 |
.69802 |
.08060 |
NOT bridge |
82 |
4.0158 |
.63356 |
.06996 |
Age |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
46.52 |
15.228 |
1.758 |
NOT bridge |
83 |
43.95 |
14.799 |
1.624 |
Collective Efficacy (CE) |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
3.4081 |
.51039 |
.05893 |
NOT bridge |
83 |
3.1109 |
.53872 |
.05913 |
Active Cooperation (CE Factor 1) |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
3.5541 |
.56839 |
.06563 |
NOT bridge |
83 |
3.2441 |
.56912 |
.06247 |
Social Services (CE Factor 2) |
bridge- member
or leader |
74 |
2.9865 |
.96149 |
.11177 |
NOT bridge |
83 |
2.6928 |
.89317 |
.09804 |
Economic Development (CE Factor 3) |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
3.3544 |
.67410 |
.07784 |
NOT bridge |
83 |
3.0884 |
.66225 |
.07269 |
Annual Income |
bridge- member
or leader |
69 |
5.99 |
1.430 |
.172 |
NOT bridge |
78 |
4.97 |
1.830 |
.207 |
Education (last grade of school completed) |
bridge- member
or leader |
75 |
5.33 |
1.536 |
.177 |
NOT bridge |
83 |
4.70 |
1.479 |
.162 |
Years Online |
bridge- member
or leader |
65 |
4.77 |
2.448 |
.304 |
NOT bridge |
59 |
4.53 |
2.395 |
.312 |
Since online, involvement with local issues |
bridge- member
or leader |
68 |
2.16 |
.409 |
.050 |
NOT bridge |
60 |
2.00 |
.412 |
.053 |
Since Online, involvement with national issues |
bridge- member
or leader |
68 |
2.29 |
.520 |
.063 |
NOT bridge |
61 |
2.13 |
.532 |
.068 |
Since Online, connected with people inside community |
bridge- member
or leader |
68 |
2.31 |
.465 |
.056 |
NOT bridge |
60 |
2.03 |
.520 |
.067 |
Since Online, connected with people outside community |
bridge- member
or leader |
68 |
2.63 |
.486 |
.059 |
NOT bridge |
61 |
2.48 |
.536 |
.069 |
Since Online, connected with greater diversity of people
inside community |
bridge- member
or leader |
68 |
2.12 |
.474 |
.057 |
NOT bridge |
60 |
2.02 |
.431 |
.056 |
Since Online, connected with greater diversity of people
outside community |
bridge- member
or leader |
68 |
2.35 |
.540 |
.065 |
NOT bridge |
60 |
2.18 |
.537 |
.069 |
Since Online, involvement inside local community |
bridge- member
or leader |
68 |
2.25 |
.436 |
.053 |
NOT bridge |
60 |
2.02 |
.469 |
.061 |
Since Online, involvement outside community |
bridge- member
or leader |
68 |
2.25 |
.469 |
.057 |
NOT bridge |
60 |
2.12 |
.524 |
.068 |
Since Online, shop for local goods/services |
bridge- member
or leader |
68 |
2.01 |
.440 |
.053 |
NOT bridge |
59 |
2.00 |
.525 |
.068 |
Since Online, attend local meetings and events |
bridge- member
or leader |
68 |
2.15 |
.396 |
.048 |
NOT bridge |
59 |
1.92 |
.385 |
.050 |
Independent Samples Test
|
|
Levene's Test
for Equality of Variances |
t-test for
Equality of Means |
F |
Sig. |
t |
df |
Sig. (2-tailed) |
Mean Difference |
Std. Error
Difference |
95% Confidence
Interval of the Difference |
Lower |
Upper |
Informed |
Equal variances
assumed |
2.950 |
.088 |
2.550 |
156 |
.012 |
.2796 |
.10966 |
.06298 |
.49622 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
2.577 |
154.255 |
.011 |
.2796 |
.10852 |
.06523 |
.49397 |
Activism |
Equal variances
assumed |
.086 |
.770 |
6.322 |
156 |
.000 |
.7309 |
.11561 |
.50250 |
.95923 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
6.302 |
151.995 |
.000 |
.7309 |
.11597 |
.50175 |
.95998 |
Organizations/Affiliations |
Equal variances
assumed |
25.155 |
.000 |
13.179 |
156 |
.000 |
2.1129 |
.16032 |
1.79625 |
2.42961 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
12.818 |
111.520 |
.000 |
2.1129 |
.16483 |
1.78632 |
2.43955 |
Belonging |
Equal variances
assumed |
1.384 |
.241 |
2.394 |
156 |
.018 |
.2560 |
.10694 |
.04479 |
.46726 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
2.410 |
155.838 |
.017 |
.2560 |
.10621 |
.04622 |
.46582 |
Social Engagement |
Equal variances
assumed |
2.456 |
.119 |
1.749 |
156 |
.082 |
.2144 |
.12257 |
-.02773 |
.45648 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
1.761 |
155.854 |
.080 |
.2144 |
.12175 |
-.02611 |
.45486 |
Community Attachment |
Equal variances
assumed |
.223 |
.638 |
2.538 |
156 |
.012 |
.3406 |
.13423 |
.07551 |
.60578 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
2.539 |
154.683 |
.012 |
.3406 |
.13416 |
.07562 |
.60566 |
Trust |
Equal variances
assumed |
3.469 |
.064 |
3.008 |
155 |
.003 |
.3242 |
.10776 |
.11130 |
.53703 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
3.024 |
154.925 |
.003 |
.3242 |
.10718 |
.11244 |
.53588 |
Participation |
Equal variances
assumed |
.018 |
.894 |
7.566 |
156 |
.000 |
.7212 |
.09533 |
.53293 |
.90953 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
7.557 |
153.597 |
.000 |
.7212 |
.09544 |
.53269 |
.90978 |
Computer Interest |
Equal variances
assumed |
6.341 |
.013 |
1.979 |
155 |
.050 |
.5018 |
.25358 |
.00093 |
1.00276 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
1.996 |
153.407 |
.048 |
.5018 |
.25142 |
.00515 |
.99854 |
Political Interest |
Equal variances
assumed |
7.794 |
.006 |
2.249 |
156 |
.026 |
.2251 |
.10007 |
.02739 |
.42273 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
2.187 |
111.573 |
.031 |
.2251 |
.10289 |
.02120 |
.42892 |
Social Interest |
Equal variances
assumed |
.032 |
.859 |
1.696 |
156 |
.092 |
.2067 |
.12184 |
-.03400 |
.44736 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
1.703 |
155.881 |
.091 |
.2067 |
.12138 |
-.03309 |
.44645 |
Civic interest |
Equal variances
assumed |
.812 |
.369 |
6.192 |
156 |
.000 |
.6450 |
.10416 |
.43924 |
.85074 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
6.153 |
148.535 |
.000 |
.6450 |
.10482 |
.43786 |
.85212 |
Online Commerce |
Equal variances
assumed |
.105 |
.746 |
-.418 |
127 |
.677 |
-.0617 |
.14758 |
-.35374 |
.23034 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
-.415 |
120.597 |
.679 |
-.0617 |
.14857 |
-.35584 |
.23244 |
Online Education/Work |
Equal variances
assumed |
1.169 |
.282 |
-.056 |
126 |
.955 |
-.0123 |
.21921 |
-.44610 |
.42151 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
-.056 |
125.965 |
.955 |
-.0123 |
.21806 |
-.44383 |
.41924 |
Online Leisure |
Equal variances
assumed |
2.258 |
.135 |
-.535 |
127 |
.594 |
-.0820 |
.15342 |
-.38564 |
.22155 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
-.545 |
119.769 |
.587 |
-.0820 |
.15052 |
-.38007 |
.21598 |
Online Mental, Physical, Social Health |
Equal variances
assumed |
3.075 |
.082 |
1.934 |
127 |
.055 |
.3112 |
.16097 |
-.00729 |
.62976 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
1.948 |
126.929 |
.054 |
.3112 |
.15981 |
-.00499 |
.62746 |
Online General Internet Usage |
Equal variances
assumed |
.275 |
.601 |
-.557 |
127 |
.578 |
-.1203 |
.21593 |
-.54758 |
.30698 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
-.559 |
126.574 |
.577 |
-.1203 |
.21532 |
-.54639 |
.30580 |
Online Political Activity |
Equal variances
assumed |
4.400 |
.038 |
2.016 |
127 |
.046 |
.2042 |
.10132 |
.00374 |
.40471 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
2.042 |
124.932 |
.043 |
.2042 |
.10002 |
.00628 |
.40218 |
Online Social Activity |
Equal variances
assumed |
6.160 |
.014 |
1.767 |
127 |
.080 |
.3457 |
.19565 |
-.04147 |
.73283 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
1.790 |
124.804 |
.076 |
.3457 |
.19310 |
-.03650 |
.72786 |
Online Civic Activity |
Equal variances
assumed |
2.042 |
.155 |
1.694 |
127 |
.093 |
.3124 |
.18447 |
-.05260 |
.67748 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
1.708 |
126.749 |
.090 |
.3124 |
.18294 |
-.04957 |
.67444 |
Social Introversion/Extroversion |
Equal variances
assumed |
.223 |
.637 |
2.698 |
155 |
.008 |
.2313 |
.08570 |
.06196 |
.40055 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
2.703 |
154.555 |
.008 |
.2313 |
.08556 |
.06223 |
.40028 |
Life-Changing Events (Sum) |
Equal variances
assumed |
.973 |
.326 |
1.013 |
155 |
.312 |
.4476 |
.44168 |
-.42485 |
1.32014 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
1.007 |
147.179 |
.316 |
.4476 |
.44450 |
-.43079 |
1.32607 |
Life-Changing Events (Mean) |
Equal variances
assumed |
.973 |
.326 |
1.013 |
155 |
.312 |
.0144 |
.01425 |
-.01370 |
.04259 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
1.007 |
147.179 |
.316 |
.0144 |
.01434 |
-.01390 |
.04278 |
Social Support |
Equal variances
assumed |
.525 |
.470 |
.429 |
155 |
.668 |
.0456 |
.10627 |
-.16431 |
.25554 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
.427 |
149.821 |
.670 |
.0456 |
.10673 |
-.16528 |
.25651 |
Age |
Equal variances
assumed |
.096 |
.757 |
1.074 |
156 |
.284 |
2.57 |
2.390 |
-2.154 |
7.290 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
1.073 |
153.386 |
.285 |
2.57 |
2.394 |
-2.161 |
7.297 |
Collective Efficacy (CE) |
Equal variances
assumed |
.003 |
.956 |
3.551 |
156 |
.001 |
.2972 |
.08372 |
.13188 |
.46261 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
3.560 |
155.642 |
.000 |
.2972 |
.08349 |
.13233 |
.46216 |
Active Cooperation (CE Factor 1) |
Equal variances
assumed |
.119 |
.731 |
3.421 |
156 |
.001 |
.3100 |
.09061 |
.13102 |
.48900 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
3.421 |
154.432 |
.001 |
.3100 |
.09061 |
.13101 |
.48900 |
Social Services (CE Factor 2) |
Equal variances
assumed |
.653 |
.420 |
1.984 |
155 |
.049 |
.2937 |
.14805 |
.00127 |
.58616 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
1.976 |
149.669 |
.050 |
.2937 |
.14868 |
-.00006 |
.58749 |
Economic Development (CE Factor 3) |
Equal variances
assumed |
.001 |
.972 |
2.501 |
156 |
.013 |
.2661 |
.10641 |
.05591 |
.47627 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
2.498 |
153.795 |
.014 |
.2661 |
.10650 |
.05569 |
.47649 |
Annual Income |
Equal variances
assumed |
2.598 |
.109 |
3.698 |
145 |
.000 |
1.01 |
.273 |
.471 |
1.552 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
3.753 |
142.880 |
.000 |
1.01 |
.269 |
.479 |
1.544 |
Education (last grade of school completed) |
Equal variances
assumed |
.564 |
.454 |
2.643 |
156 |
.009 |
.63 |
.240 |
.160 |
1.109 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
2.638 |
153.015 |
.009 |
.63 |
.241 |
.159 |
1.110 |
Years Online |
Equal variances
assumed |
.000 |
.992 |
.560 |
122 |
.577 |
.24 |
.436 |
-.619 |
1.106 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
.560 |
121.303 |
.576 |
.24 |
.435 |
-.618 |
1.105 |
Since Online, involvement with local issues |
Equal variances
assumed |
4.927 |
.028 |
2.225 |
126 |
.028 |
.16 |
.073 |
.018 |
.306 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
2.225 |
123.835 |
.028 |
.16 |
.073 |
.018 |
.306 |
Since Online, involvement with national issues |
Equal variances
assumed |
2.436 |
.121 |
1.759 |
127 |
.081 |
.16 |
.093 |
-.020 |
.346 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
1.757 |
124.845 |
.081 |
.16 |
.093 |
-.021 |
.347 |
Since Online, connected with people inside community |
Equal variances
assumed |
5.786 |
.018 |
3.164 |
126 |
.002 |
.28 |
.087 |
.103 |
.448 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
3.142 |
119.403 |
.002 |
.28 |
.088 |
.102 |
.449 |
Since Online, connected with people outside community |
Equal variances
assumed |
5.112 |
.025 |
1.745 |
127 |
.083 |
.16 |
.090 |
-.021 |
.335 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
1.736 |
121.815 |
.085 |
.16 |
.090 |
-.022 |
.336 |
Since Online, connected with greater diversity inside community |
Equal variances
assumed |
3.088 |
.081 |
1.254 |
126 |
.212 |
.10 |
.081 |
-.058 |
.260 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
1.261 |
125.872 |
.209 |
.10 |
.080 |
-.057 |
.259 |
Since Online, connected with greater diversity outside |
Equal variances
assumed |
3.046 |
.083 |
1.779 |
126 |
.078 |
.17 |
.095 |
-.019 |
.358 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
1.780 |
124.212 |
.078 |
.17 |
.095 |
-.019 |
.358 |
Since Online, involvement inside local community |
Equal variances
assumed |
6.539 |
.012 |
2.915 |
126 |
.004 |
.23 |
.080 |
.075 |
.392 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
2.902 |
121.233 |
.004 |
.23 |
.080 |
.074 |
.393 |
Since Online, involvement outside local community |
Equal variances
assumed |
.604 |
.439 |
1.519 |
126 |
.131 |
.13 |
.088 |
-.040 |
.307 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
1.509 |
119.416 |
.134 |
.13 |
.088 |
-.042 |
.308 |
Since Online, shop for local goods/ services |
Equal variances
assumed |
.844 |
.360 |
.172 |
125 |
.864 |
.01 |
.086 |
-.155 |
.184 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
.170 |
113.692 |
.866 |
.01 |
.087 |
-.157 |
.187 |
Since Online, attend local meetings and events |
Equal variances
assumed |
1.224 |
.271 |
3.333 |
125 |
.001 |
.23 |
.070 |
.094 |
.369 |
Equal
variances not assumed |
|
|
3.340 |
123.430 |
.001 |
.23 |
.069 |
.094 |
.369 |